---
title: Karl Fischer Titrator not finding all of the moisture you expected?
description: If your operating a dual-reagent Karl Fisher Titrator and your getting lower than expected moisture results you may want to check a few things...
image: https://www.scientificgear.com/hs-fs/file-16241822-jpg/images/aquapal_iii.jpg
---

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# The Scientific*gear Blog

## [Karl Fischer Titrator not finding all of the moisture you expected?](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/bid/113230/karl-fischer-titrator-not-finding-all-of-the-moisture-you-expected)

 Sun, Jan 08, 2012 @ 03:01 PM

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![Aquapal III](https://www.scientificgear.com/hs-fs/file-16241822-jpg/images/aquapal_iii.jpg?width=324&height=275&name=aquapal_iii.jpg)If your operating a dual-reagent [Karl Fisher Titrator](https://www.scientificgear.com/karl-fischer) and your getting lower than expected moisture results you may want to check a few things.  First, make sure your analytical balance or specific gravity (if you use it) calculation is not the problem. Next, focus your attention on the reagents.

    [![Find out more about the Aquapal III](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/105273/4b35e258-6eb5-4d7d-905d-243e36861269.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/105273/4b35e258-6eb5-4d7d-905d-243e36861269)

## Reagents can cause problems if they are not being replaced often enough.

With a dual-reagent setup the operator places anolyte into the main vessel (75mL to 150mL of anolyte solution depending on the vessel size) and catholyte into the generator electrode (5mL of catholyte solution).

Now for some reason, most operators focus their attention primarily on the anolyte reagent and take great care in monitoring the condition and level of the anolyte. Unfortunately their is a tendency to forget about the catholyte. I say unfortunately because it is this oversight that can cause the problem.

Before I tell you the reason for the problem it’s helpful to know some useful information about the [reagents](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents) ability to measure moisture. A typical vessel can hold 100mL of anolyte. 100mL of anolyte ([Coulomat A](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents), [Coulomat AG](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents), [Coulomat AG-H](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents)) can measure 1,000,000 micro grams of water. Yes, 1 million micrograms of water!. Conversely, the pre-measured 5mL ampules of catholyte solution ([Coulomat CG](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents)) that goes into the generator electrode has the ability to only measure 300,000 micro grams of water per 5mL charge. Do you see it?  Do you see the connection?

## There is a 3 to 1 relationship of the catholyte to anolyte!

Yes, you should be replacing the catholyte 3 times per 1 charge of the vessel. Or put another way, change the catholyte 3 times as often as you change the anolyte.

[![Find more Coulometric Karl Fischer Titrator information](https://no-cache.hubspot.com/cta/default/105273/a0cafc23-f529-49f0-8b5c-086b32216c0c.png)](https://cta-redirect.hubspot.com/cta/redirect/105273/a0cafc23-f529-49f0-8b5c-086b32216c0c)

 Now, back to the problem and the answer. If your not replacing the catholyte often enough, the catholyte will actually begin to convert and form a salt by-product. This “salt by-product” can then form and become deposited down around the frit at the bottom of the generator electrode (AKA inner buret) and clog the receptors. When this happens the generator electrode does not work as effectively and can contribute to low recovery on expected moisture levels.

## What's the fix?

1. Make sure to change the catholyte more often as required.
2. Soak your generator electrode in methanol or even a light acid over night to clean out some of those salty deposits. That should help.

  

 

*(Note: [Coulomat AK](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents) anolyte and [Coulomat CG-K](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents) catholyte are used in combination for samples with Keytones and have a 1 to 1 relationship and can measure 100,000 micrograms of water. Also, the popular Coulomat Oil anolyte has a smaller amount of moisture measuring capability as compared with the other mentioned anolytes above and has a capacity to measure 300,000 micrograms of moisture. eg. If your using [Coulomat oil](https://www.scientificgear.com/coulometric-karl-fischer-reagents) anolyte and Coulomat CG both have the capacity to measure 300,000 micro grams of water and have a 1 to 1 relationship.)*

Hope this helps.

 Topics: [Moisture Testing](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/topic/moisture-testing) [Karl Fischer Titration](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/topic/karl-fischer-titration) [Karl Fisher Reagents](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/topic/karl-fisher-reagents) [Coulometric Karl Fischer](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/topic/coulometric-karl-fischer)

#### Written by [Mark Levi](https://www.scientificgear.com/blog/author/mark-levi)

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